This page is created and maintained by Angela Christofferson, Coordinator of Information Technology Applications at Lemieux Library. To recommend a resource for this page or to report a broken link, email christoa@seattleu.edu

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkeners, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way - in short the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good and for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only" - Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859)

Books

Castells, Manuel. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001. Call No. HD 79 .I55 C38 2001 at Lemieux Library.

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Networked Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 1996. Call No. HC 79 .I55 C373 1996 at Lemieux Library.

Gompert, David. Right Makes Might: Freedom and Power in the Information Age. New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1998. Call No. D 843 .G635 1998 at Lemieux Library.

James, Jeffrey. Globalization, Information Technology, and Development. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. ON ORDER

Low, Linda. Economics of Information Technology and the Media. Singapore: Singapore University Press and World Scientific, 2000. Call No. HC 79 .I55 L69 2000 at Lemieux Library. .

McChesney, Robert W., Wood, Ellen Meiksins, and Foster, John Bellamy, eds. Capitalism and the Information Age: The Political Economy of the Global Communication Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1998. Call No. T 58.5 .C363 1998 at Lemieux Library.

Web Sites

Global Information Infrastructure Commission: "The GIIC is a confederation of chief executive officers of firms that develop and deploy, operate, rely upon, and finance information and communications technology infrastructure facilities. Together as GIIC commissioners, these executives are dedicated to speeding the spread of information infrastructure throughout the world." Links to Activities, Papers and Reports.

Global Knowledge Partnership: "The Global Knowledge Partnership (GKP) is a worldwide network committed to harnessing the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for sustainable and equitable development."

Global Society: Center for Information Society Studies, North Carolina State. "The Center for Information Society Studies (CISS) is designed to aid in identifying and resolving the social and policy issues arising from technological innovation and new communication media." Links include: major resource centers, current news, bibliography, key government sites, key policy documents, online forums, academic & professional, industry organizations, and interest groups

Globalization of Information Technology: Center for Research on Information Technology and Globalization, University of California, Irvine. CRITO has been studying the globalization of IT production and use for the past ten years, concentrating initially on the Asia-Pacific region and more recently on the Americas and Europe. Current research projects include: new studies of national IT policy; a study of global IT production networks; and two projects analyzing the globalization of electronic commerce.

infoDev: The Information for Development Program: infoDev is a global grant program managed by the World Bank to promote innovative projects on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for economic and social development, with a special emphasis on the needs of the poor in developing countries

Information and Communication Technologies for Development: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). "UNDP helps countries draw on expertise and best practices from around the world to develop strategies that expand access to ICT and harness it for development."

Information and Communication Technology Statistics: provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Partial listing includes: OECD Communications Outlook, Resources for the Information Economy, Electronic Commerce and Broadband access in OECD countries per 100 inhabitants.

Science, Technology and Globalization: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. "The aim of the Science, Technology and Globalization Project (STG) is to undertake research, conduct training, provide policy advice and disseminate information on interactions between technological innovation and globalization, with particular emphasis on implications for developing countries." Links to Publications, Research and Resources.

Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS) : Link to IT & Society Journal, an online academic journal devoted to the scientific analysis of the social impact of information technology on society.

Taking IT global: "TakingITGlobal (TIG) is an international organization, led by youth, empowered by technology. TIG brings together young people in more than 200 countries within international networks to collaborate on concrete projects addressing global problems and creating positive change."

United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force: The objective of the Task Force is to "provide overall leadership to the United Nations role in helping to formulate strategies for the development of information and communication technologies." Links include Collaborative Links, Global Database, Working Groups, Regional Networks and Forums.

World Summit on the Information Society (Geneva 2003 - Tunis 2005): International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Summit. "The World Summit on the Information Society will provide a unique opportunity for all key stakeholders to assemble at a high-level gathering and to develop a better understanding of [the information revolution] and its impact on the international community." Basic information on the Summit, information on the first phase which occurred 12/03 and background material.

By Geographic Location

Asian Forum on Information and Communication Technology Policies and e-Strategies: Kuala Lumpur, 20-22 October 2003. Resources section on right side of web page includes links to Abstracts and Papers, Country Reports, Research Initiatives and Resource Documents.

Information and Communication for Development: Arab Social Science Research's Virtual Library. Includes links to Arab and Web Resources.

Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) Telecommunications, Internet and Computer Infrastructure in Africa

Survey of Information and Communication Technology of Philippine Business and Industry (2002) Highlights

Internet

Cyber Geography Research: Exploring the geographies of the Internet, the Web and other emerging Cyberspaces. Links to Geography of Cyberspace Directory and the Atlas of Cyberspaces.

Detailed Domain Counts and Internet Statistics: provided by WhoIS

International E-mail Accessibility: Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Codes, compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond. Document is a guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to Internet or general E-mail services.

The Internet Society: The Internet Society (ISOC) is a professional membership society providing leadership in addressing issues that confront the future of the internet. All About the Internet provides links to histories, issues, market research and statistics, infrastructure, standards and internet code of conduct.

Zooknic: Internet Intelligence: The Zooknic Internet Geography Project attempts to understand and analyze the Internet through the development of a series of metrics on its use and composition. The site provides information on domain name use and markets, the global spread of the Internet and the makeup of users worldwide. This web site offers a combination of free and premium products.

Databases

Search databases to find journal articles. Use search terms such as globalization, globalization and information technology, information and communication technology, information technology and geographical location.

ACM Digital Library: The Digital Library contains citations and full text from Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) journal and newsletter articles and conference proceedings.

IEEE Computer Society Digital Library: The IEEE Computer Society Digital Library provides online access to 22 society magazines and transactions and over 1,200 selected conference proceedings in the subject area of computer science and engineering.

Academic Search Premier: Index for social sciences, humanities, general science, education & multi-cultural journals)

Business Source Complete: Business database with indexing and abstracting for over 3,750 journals covering all areas of business and economics.

Articles

Andhra Pradesh: Lessons for Global Software Development: by Eischen, Kyle. Computer, June 2003, p. 31-37.

The development of the 'ethical' ICT professional: and the vision of an ethical on-line society: how far have we come and where are we going? by Grodzinsky, F.S. ACM SIGCAS Computers & Society, 2000, Vol 30 Issue 1, p3, 5p.

An empirical assessment of the informational society: Employment and occupational structures of G-7 countries, 1920-2000. by Aoyama, Yuko; Castells, Manuel. International Labour Review , 2002, Vol. 141 Issue 1/2, p123, 37p.

Gender, Information Technology, and Developing Countries: An Analytic Study. by Hafkin,Nancy and Taggart, Nancy for USAID's Office of Women in Development, June 2001. Available via web: http://learnlink.aed.org/Publications/Gender_Book/Home.htm

Global Responsibility: Sustainable Development in Information and Communication Technologies. by Griese, Hansjoerg; Mueller; Jutta; Reichl, Herbert and Stobbe, Lutz. 2nd International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing (ECODESIGN '01), 2001, p 900.

Globalization, Information Technology and Conflict in the Second and Third Worlds: A Critical Review of the Literature. by Wilson III, Ernest J. for the Project of World Security, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, 1998. Available via web: http://www.rbf.org/pdf/Wilson_Info_Tech.pdf

Globalization of I.T. Center for Research on Information Technology and Globalization, University of California, Irvine. Papers from 1992 - 2003. Example of some of the titles available from this site: The Diffusion and Impacts of the Internet and E-commerce in Taiwan, Dell Computer: Organization of a Global Production Network, Globalization of the Personal Computer Industry: Trends and Implications, and Institutional Environment and the Development of Information and Communication Technology in India.

Globalizing business, education, culture through the Internet. by Adam, Nabil; Awerbuch, Baruch, Slonim, Jacob; Wegner, Peter and Yesha, Yelena. Communications of the ACM, 1997, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p115-121.

Information and Communication Technology and Poverty: An Asian Perspective. by Quibria, M.G. and Tschang, Ted for the Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2001. Available via web: http://www.globalknowledge.org/gkps_portal/aprm2002/workshop/ADBI.pdf

Information and communication technologies and their impact on and use as an instrument for the advancement and empowerment of women. Report of the Expert Group Meeting, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, International Telecommunications Union and UN ICT Task Force Secretariat, December 2002. Available via web: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/ict2002/experts.html

Information Technology, Globalization and Social Development. by Manuels Catells for United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, UNRISD Discussion Paper No. 114, September 1999. Available via web: http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/
ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/f270e0c066f3de7780256b67005b728c/$FILE/dp114.pdf

Information Technology, Transactions Costs and Patterns Of Globalization in Developing Countries. by James, Jeffrey. Review of Social Economy , Dec2002, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p507, 13p.

An International Perspective on I&C Policies: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. by Gassmann, Hanspeter. Prometheus , Dec2001, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p337, 9p.

Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society. Drafted at the G-8's Kyushu-Okinawa Summit in July 2000.

Report on the High-level Panel of Experts on Information and Communication Technology. by United Nations, General Assembly, Economic Council, May 22, 2000.

UN Human Development Report 2001: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development. Available via web: http://www.undp.org/hdr2001/. Includes a Technology Map and Technology Timeline.

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Digital Divide

"Simply put, the "digital divide" is the wide division between those who have access to ICT and are using it effectively, and those who do not." bridges.org

"There are an estimated 429 million people online globally, but even this staggering number is small when considered in context. For example, of those 429 million, fully 41% are in North America. Also, 429 million represents only 6% of the world’s entire population." Digital Divide Network, Digital Divide Basics Fact Sheet

Books

Afele, John Senyo. Digital Bridges: Developing Countries in the Knowledge Economy. Hershey, PA: Idea Group, Inc., 2003. Call No. HD 30.2 .A35 2003 at Lemieux Library.

Anderson, Walter Truett. All Connected Now: Life in the First Global Civilization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2001. Call No. CB 430 .A53 2001at Lemieux Library. Part 3: Informatizations (Chapter 7: The Informatization of Global Society, Chapter 8: The Bio-Information Society, Chapter 9: Organizations and Reorganizations, Chapter 10: Participating in the Global Polis, Chapter 11: All the Global Villages)

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Networked Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 1996. Call No. HC 79 .I55 C373 1996 at Lemieux Library.

Cortada, James. Making the Information Society: Experience, Consequences, and Possibilities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. Call No. HM 851 .C676 2002 at Lemieux Library. Focused on the Information Society in the United States.

Norris, Pippa. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Call No. HN49 .I56 N67 2001at Lemieux Library.

Wresch, William. Disconnected: Haves and Have-nots in the Information Age. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1996. Call No. T 58.5 .W74 1996 at Lemieux Library.

Web Sites

There are zillions of web sites with information on the Digital Divide. I have included some below. To find others, search the Internet with the search terms digital divide or global digital divide, add search terms of geographic place to further narrow your search (i.e. digital divide and Africa). You can also narrow your search by restricting your search by .org or .edu domains to find nonprofit or education web sites.

Just as there are an abundance of digital divide web sites, there are also many different perspective on the digital divide. Keep this in mind as you visit these web sites.

Bridges.org: Spanning the International Digital Divide by Bridges.org, an international non-profit organisation that promotes the effective use of ICT in the developing world to reduce poverty and improve people's lives. Information about the digital divide, reports, policies, and research.

The Center for the Study of Technology and Society - Equity: Equity and access concerns are addressed based on race, sex, content, socioeconomic status. Links to news articles, conferences, and other site dealing with the global Digital Divide. Provided by The Center for the Study of Technology and Society, Inc., a non-profit think tank in Washington, D.C.

The Communications Initiative: The Communication Initiative is a partnership of development organizations seeking to support advances in the effectiveness and scale of communication interventions for positive international development.

Digital Divide: by Quick Links. Links to global news items about legal and regulatory aspects of Internet and the information society.

Digital Divide Network: produced and coordinated by the Benton Foundation. This site examines the global digital divide from many perspectives and offers tools, information and resources for practitioners. Links include: Digital Divide Basics, Access, Literacy & Learning, Content, Economic Development, International Issues, and Current Research.

Digital Dividend - World Resources Institute project. Resource available from this web site include a project database, case studies, publications and analysis and newsletters.

Digital Opportunity Channel: a joint initiative of OneWorld.net and Digital Divide Network seeking to bring a global perspective to the discussion over ICTs and the digital divide. Extensive information by topic and by country/region.

Internet Access the the Digital Divide: Information Inequality at Local & Global Levels. Resource guide provided by Gunter Krumme, professor, University of Washington.

United Nations Development Programme: The UNDP Information and Communications Technology site offers links to the wide array of UNDP programs that address the global digital divide issue.

By Geographic Location

Africa Tech Forum: Beyond the Digital Divide

Computers for Africa: Bridging the Digital Divide: Computers for Africa refurbishes used computers, networks them, and ships ready-to-set-up labs to non-profit organizations in Africa. Information on Africa and the Digital Divide, successful projects and links to explore.

Digital Divide: PBS Series. Digital Divide is a two-part series for PBS that explores how the rapid spread of computer technology is affecting young people across the United States.

Digital Divide Resource Guide: provided by the Finance Project, a non-profit policy research, technical assistance and information organization with a mission to support decision-making that produces and sustains good results for United States children, families and communities.

Digital Divide Solutions: A partnership of the Hispanic Research Center at Arizona State University and The College Board. Focus is on Digital Divide in the United States. Links include: Programs that Work, Resources, Have Ideas, Need Funds, Policy and Advocacy, Research, Data & News and Educational Outlook.

The Electronic Commons/l'Agora Electronique - closing the Digital Divide in Canada: The mission of The Electronic Commons is to close the digital divide between knowledge media rich and poor by bringing together communities of shared geography, interest, practice and intention within a common public space.

Articles/Reports

I have included a small sample of articles that I found on the Internet or in databases licensed by Lemieux Library.

Bridging the Digital Divide: published in BBC News, October 14, 1999. Available via web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/10/99/information_rich_information_poor/466651.stm Article includes case studies on Burkina Faso, Mongolia, Morocco, and the United States.

Bridging the Digital Divide: Internet Access in Central and Eastern Europe by Global Internet Liberty Campaign, March 2000. Available via web: http://www.cdt.org/international/ceeaccess/

Bridging the Digital Divide: New Route to Development or New Form of Dependency? by Wade, Robert Hunter. Global Governance; Oct-Dec2002, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p443, 24p. Available via Academic Search Premier.

Can information and communications technology applications contribute to poverty reduction? Lessons from rural India. by Cecchini, Simone; Scott, Christopher. Information Technology for Development , 2003, Vol.
10 Issue 2, p73, 12p. Available via Academic Search Premier.

Creating a Development Dynamic: Final Report of the Digital Opportunity Initiative. "The DOI report examines the experiences in the deployment of ICT to meet specific development imperatives as well as national ICT strategies in countries ranging from Tanzania, Estonia, India, and Bangladesh to Costa Rica and South Africa." Available via web: http://www.opt-init.org/framework.html

Digital Divide: CQ Researcher: Type "digital divide" in Quick Search box.

Digital Divide: ACM SIGCAS dedicated an issue of Computers and Society (Volume 31, Issue 3, September 2001) to the Digital Divide. Available via the ACM Digital Library. The following articles are included in this issue:

Digital Divide? Civic Engagement, Information Poverty & the Internet in Democratic Societies. by Norris, Pippa, Harvard University, 2001. Available via web: http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~.pnorris.shorenstein.ksg/book1.htm

Digital Divide in the Liberal State: a Canadian Perspective by Birdsall, William F. First Monday, 2000, Vol. 5, No. 12. Available via web: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue5_12/birdsall/index.html

Digital Opportunity Task Force Reports and Documents. The Digital Opportunity Task Force (DOT Force) was established pursuant to the Okinawa Charter on the Global Information Society, adopted by Leaders at the G8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit in July 2000. Reports and doucments created by the Task Force are available from this site.

Falling Through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion: a Report on Americans' Access to Technology US Department of Commerce, Economic and Statistics Administration and National Telecommunications and Information Administration, October 2000. Available via web: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/digitaldivide/

From Access to Outcomes: Raising the Aspirations for Technology Initiatives in Low-Income Communities. A (United States) Morino Institute Working Paper, July 2001. Available via web: http://www.morino.org/divides/report2.htm

From the Global Digital Divide to the Global Digital Opportunity: Proposals submitted to the G-8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit, July 2000. Available via web: http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/irwp/pdf/wef_gdd_statement.pdf

Four Myths about the Digital Divide. (United States) By: Servon, Lisa . Planning Theory & Practice, Aug2002, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p222, 6p. Available via Business Source Complete.

G8 Africa Action Plan: helping Africa create digital opportunities: by he G8 Digital Opportunities Task (DOT) Force, June 2002. Available via web: http://www.g8.gc.ca/2002Kananaskis/afraction-en.asp Report outlines how governments, businesses and civil society can work together to advance human development and reduce poverty through the use of information and communications technologies.

Inclusion and ICT: the challenge. (UK) By: Dawson, David. Museum International, Sep2002, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p59, 5p. Available via Academic Search Premier.

Into the Breach: Tackling the Digital Divide. by Ulfelder, Jay. World Link; Jan/Feb2002, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p63, 4p. Available via Business Source Complete.

Living in an e-World: An Information Society for All? by Guillotin, Norbert. Academic dissertation presented in 2001 for M.A in Comparative European Social Studies (MACESS) at Hogescool Maastricht and University of North London. Available via web: http://gguillotin.chez.tiscali.fr/digital_divide_and_information_society.htm Explaining the Digital Divide, the exclusion of those left aside the Information Society Development by comparing projects in France & Estonia to involve all in the use of Internet.

Online Content for Low-Income and Underserved Americans: The Digital Divide's New Frontier, A Strategic Audit of Activities and Opportunities. A publication of the Children's Partnership, March 2000. Available via web: http://www.childrenspartnership.org/pub/low_income/

Question time: what should be done about the “digital divide?” by Gehl, John. Ubiquity, 2000, Vol. 1, Issue 21, Article No. 3. Available via ACM Digital Library.

Reconceptualizing the Digital Divide. (global) by Warschauer, Mark. First Monday, July 2002, Vol. 7, No. 7. Available via web: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue7_7/warschauer/

Seven Bridges Over the Global Digital Divide by Foulger, Davis. Originally Presented at the IAMCR & ICA Symposium on Digital Divide: November, 2001. January 2002. Available via web: http://evolutionarymedia.com/papers/digitalDivide.htm

Trust, the Internet and the digital divide. (global) by Huang, H.; Keser, C.; Leland, J.; Shachat, J. IBM Systems Journal, 2003, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p507, 12p, 3 charts, 3 graphs. Available via Business Source Complete.

The Worldwide Digital Divide: Information Poverty, the Internet and Development. by Norris, Pippa. Paper for the Political Studies Association 50th Annual Meeting, London 10-13 April 2000. Available via web: http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~.pnorris.shorenstein.ksg/acrobat/psa2000dig.pdf

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Outsourcing Information Technology

"Outsourcing invariably does result in the loss of jobs, and we have to do a better job in the United States, a good job in the United States, of creating opportunity in the United States to provide more jobs, so that those who have lost jobs will have opportunities in the future," Colin Powell at a joint news conference in Delhi with India's external affairs minister, Yashwant Sinha.

Link to Outsourcing resources included in Labor section of Debating Globalization web site.

Catherine Mann talks about her proposals to remedy the dark side of globalization by Ydstie, John. National Public Radio (NPR), Weekend All Things Considered (8:00 PM ET) - NPR, March 13, 2004 Saturday, 1028 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

The China syndrome: U.S. companies are beginning to outsource technology R&D to India and China. Will a
meltdown in tech jobs follow? CFO The Magazine for Senior Financial Executives, October 2003, Vol. 19, No. 13; Pg. 74; ISSN: 8756-7113, 3971594, 1995 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

An empirical study of global software development: distance and speed IEEE By . Herbsleb, James D., Mockus, Audris, Finholt, Thomas A. and Grinter, Rebecca E. 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'01), May 2001 pp. 0081. Available via IEEE Computer Society Digital Library.

Exporting Jobs : CQ Researcher: Type "outsourcing" in Quick Search box.

Making sense of collaboration: the challenge of thinking together in global design teams by Larsson, Andreas. Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work, November 2003, Pages: 153 - 160. Available via ACM Digital Library.

Managing Complex IT Outsourcing--Partnerships by Beulen, E. and Ribbers, P. 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'02)-Volume 8, January 2002 pp. 267b. Available via IEEE Computer Society Digital Library.

Migration of U.S. jobs: It's a new ballgame; Tapping cheap labor abroad in tech sector gets an official nod, Lohr, Steve. The International Herald Tribune, February 17, 2004 Tuesday, NEWS; Pg. 1, 1174 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

On again, off again; Savvy companies are mixing and matching onshore IT staffers with offshore developers to save money, speed up projects and keep customers happy by Kass, Elliot. Network World, February 02, 2004, FEATURES; Pg. 34, 1756 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

Outsourcing in India by Kobitzsch, Werner, Rombach, Dieter and Feldmann,Raimund L. IEEE Software March 2001 pp. 78-86. Available via IEEE Computer Society Digital Library.

Outsourcing Knowledge Center by Computerworld. Available via web: http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/outsourcing?from=yn.

New Economy; Offshore Jobs In Technology: Opportunity Or a Threat? by Lohr, Steve. The New York Times, December 22, 2003, Monday, Late Edition - Final, Section C; Page 1; Column 5; Business/Financial Desk , 1409 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnel research: The theme of the conference was managing IT workers across borders, time, distance, and culture and related issues such as recruitment, training, outsourcing, compensation, performance, and globalization.

Software by Baker, Stephen and Kripalani, Manjeet; with Robert D. Hof and Jim Kerstetter in San Mateo, Calif. Business Week, March 1, 2004 Correction Appended, COVER STORY; Number 3872; Pg. 84, 4590 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

Tech's global itinerary: companies are increasingly turning to the practice of outsourcing IT to locations outside of their home countries. While savings are the big benefit, pitfalls are still a reality by King, Julia. Network World Canada, November 28, 2003, v.13(23) N 28'03; ISSN: 0025-9535, 5888834, 1731 words. Available via Lexis Nexis.

Virtual Extensions: The role of software processes and communication in offshore software development by Gopal, Anandasivam , Mukhopadhyay, Tridas and Krishnan, Mayuram S. Communications of the ACM, April 2002, Volume 45 Issue 4, Pages: 193 - 200. Available via ACM Digital Library.

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Electronic Waste

"The United States generates more e-waste than any other nation, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. More than 4.6 million tons of it entered U.S. landfills in 2000, and that amount is projected to grow fourfold in the next few years....An estimated 50 to 80 percent of e-waste collected in the United States for recycling is exported to areas such as China, India or Pakistan, where workers taking apart the old machines are handling toxic chemicals that can pose serious health problems." E-Waste: Dark Side of Digital Age By Kendra Mayfield

Basel Action Network (BAN): BAN is "an international network of activists seeking to prevent the globalization of the toxic chemical crisis. BAN is based in Seattle, USA and conducts both domestic (US) and international programs to halt toxic trade."

Electronic Waste Guide: A knowledgebase for sustainable recycling of eWaste. The eWaste Guide emerged as one of the results of the project "Knowledge Partnerships with Developing and Transition Countries" conducted by the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research EMPA, commissioned by The State Secretariat for Economic Affairs seco.

Electronics waste (June 2002): OCLC Public Affairs Information Service, Hot Topic. Analysis of the situation and links to web resources.

Environmental Protection Agency: Product Stewardship Electronics: includes International Initiatives.

E-Waste: Dark Side of Digital Age by Kendra Mayfield, Wired News, Jan. 10, 2003. Available via web: http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,57151,00.html.

Information Technology Haz Waste by Gary Gallon. The Gallon Environment Letter,
Canadian Institute for Business and the Environment, Vol. 6, No. 31, December 19, 2002. Available via web: http://csf.colorado.edu/bioregional/2002/msg00151.html

National Electronics Product Stewardship Initiative: NEPSI was created to "bring stakeholders together to develop solutions to the issue of electronic products management". Site includes stakeholders involved and public documents.

Northwest Product Stewardship Council: Electronic Equipment and Product Stewardship. The Northwest Product Stewardship Council is a "group of government organizations that works with businesses and nonprofit groups to integrate product stewardship principles into the policy and economic structures of the Pacific Northwest".

Western Electronic Product Stewardship initiative: WEPSI is a project designed to find a more effective and fair solution to the environmental, health and waste impacts of electronic products. Links includes information on current projects, product stewardship, regulations and resources.

Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network: Electronic Waste: WRPPN is "a strategic alliance involving local, state, federal and tribal pollution prevention (P2) programs throughout EPA Region 9, which includes the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii, the Tribal Lands and the Trust Territories of Guam and American Samoa". Links include: Background and Overview, Plastics, Toxic Materials, CRTs, Legislation, Policies, Case Studies and a complete list of Electronic Waste URLs.

Secretariat of the Basel Convention: United Nations Environment Programme: "In the late 1980s, a tightening of environmental regulations in industrialized countries led to a dramatic rise in the cost of hazardous waste disposal. Searching for cheaper ways to get rid of the wastes, “toxic traders” began shipping hazardous waste to developing countries and to Eastern Europe. When this activity was revealed, international outrage led to the drafting and adoption of the Basel Convention."

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Travel across boundaries

Dig deeper into these topics by exploring additional resources available both in the library and through the Library Home page. Additional books & videos can be located through the "Library Catalog" link. Articles (including full-text) can be located in many general and specialized journal databases through the "Databases" link. Reference staff is also available to assist you in finding materials.